Clinical toxicology : the official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Nov 2009
ReviewAre calcium oxalate crystals involved in the mechanism of acute renal failure in ethylene glycol poisoning?
Ethylene glycol (EG) poisoning often results in acute renal failure, particularly if treatment with fomepizole or ethanol is delayed because of late presentation or diagnosis. The mechanism has not been established but is thought to result from the production of a toxic metabolite. ⋯ Accumulation of COM crystals in the kidney is responsible for producing the renal toxicity associated with EG poisoning. The development of a pharmacological approach to reduce COM crystal adherence to tubular cells and its cellular interactions would be valuable as this would decrease the renal toxicity not only in late treated cases of EG poisoning, but also in other hyperoxaluric diseases such as primary hyperoxaluria and kidney stone formation.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Nov 2009
Clinical implication of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 in patients with acute paraquat intoxication.
Paraquat (PQ)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) might show the role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AKI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of early urinary biomarkers in patients with acute PQ poisoning. We prospectively investigated changes in urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in acute PQ intoxication. ⋯ PQ is a very potent stimulant of NGAL-1 and KIM-1. Therefore, the NGAL might reflect reactive oxygen species-induced kidney injury.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Nov 2009
Inter-rater reliability of manual QT measurement and prediction of abnormal QT,HR pairs.
To assess interobserver agreement when trained healthcare staff measure the QT interval using a standardized approach across a range of QT lengths. ⋯ The study demonstrates that there is good agreement between trained observers when manually measuring the QT interval using a standardized approach. This provides an inexpensive method for the measurement of QT in clinical studies of drug overdose and a potentially useful approach in the clinical assessment of patients with possible QT prolongation.