Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery
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Recently, enormous progress in cancer therapy has been achieved by the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Activating the body's own immune system has added a novel and powerful therapeutic option for the treatment of melanoma and lung cancer. Furthermore, the potential use of immunotherapy is being extensively explored also in other malignancies. ⋯ Numerous clinical trials are addressing the suitability and efficacy of immune checkpoint modulators in HNSCC with the predominant targets being the established immune checkpoint receptors PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. Recently, presented results have shown a survival benefit, a favourable safety profile and an extended duration of response in favour of using immune checkpoint modulation in R/M HNSCC.
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To investigate emergency room (ER) revisits and hospital readmissions following adenotonsillectomy (T&A) in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and correlations between SDB severity and ER revisits. ⋯ Children with severe SDB do not experience increased risks of revisit or readmission; however, young children are at increased risk of non-bleeding-related revisits.