International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
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The role of smoking from the paternal line during the pre-conception period on grand-child's overweight/obesity and associated underlying pathways are uncertain. We examined whether the smoking status from the paternal line was associated with the grand-child's higher weight at birth, and overweight or obesity at 5 and 9 years of age. The grandparental smoking effect from the maternal line was also explored. ⋯ The smoking habit from the paternal line is associated with grand-children's adiposity measures during their early childhood, which might be epigenetically transmitted through male-germline cells.