International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
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Comparative Study
Novel measurements of periaortic adipose tissue in comparison to anthropometric measures of obesity, and abdominal adipose tissue.
Perivascular adipose tissue may be associated with the amount of local atherosclerosis. We developed a novel and reproducible method to standardize volumetric quantification of periaortic adipose tissue by computed tomography (CT) and determined the association with anthropometric measures of obesity, and abdominal adipose tissue. ⋯ Standardized semiautomatic CT-based volumetric quantification of periaortic adipose tissue is feasible and highly reproducible. Further investigation is warranted regarding associations of periaortic adipose tissue with other body fat deposits, cardiovascular risk factors and clinical outcomes.
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To compare the association of obesity and abdominal obesity with cardiometabolic risk factor burden and global estimated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk among multiethnic US adults. ⋯ The association of abdominal obesity with risk factors varies by ethnicity and is independently associated with high CHD risk status, further validating its clinical significance.
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We investigated whether anthropometric measurements or metabolic risk factors correlated more with vascular changes associated with obesity. ⋯ These results demonstrated that in 'healthy individuals', anthropometric parameters and metabolic risk factors correlated with each other, but anthropometric parameters were the only significant correlates of carotid IMT. A waist/height ratio > or =0.5 predicts both early vascular and metabolic changes. These data support a risk factor independent vasculotrophic effect of obesity.
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Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Intentional weight loss results in improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, but most observational studies suggest that weight reduction is associated with increased overall and cardiovascular mortality. No prospective intervention studies on mortality have earlier been reported in obese subjects. ⋯ The unadjusted overall mortality was reduced by 23.7% (P=0.0419) in the surgery group (relative to controls), whereas the gender-, age- and risk factor-adjusted mortality reduction was 30.7% (P=0.0102). The most common causes of death were myocardial infarction (controls n=25, surgery n=13) and cancer (47/29). Bariatric surgery for severe obesity is associated with long-term weight loss, improved risk factors and decreased overall mortality.
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Soft drink overconsumption is now considered to be a major public health concern with implications for cardiovascular diseases. This follows a number of studies performed in animals suggesting that chronic consumption of refined sugars can contribute to metabolic and cardiovascular dysregulation. ⋯ There is also considerable evidence that fructose, rather than glucose, is the more damaging sugar component in terms of cardiovascular risk. This review focuses on the potential role of sugar drinks, particularly the fructose component, in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.