International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
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The roots of the obesity epidemic need to be traced back as early in life as possible in order to develop effective means for preventing obesity and its health consequences in the future. The aim of this paper is to examine a broad range of factors that may simultaneously contribute to childhood overweight in a population-based cohort of children followed from birth to 4.5 years, to determine which factors exert the most influence in early life. ⋯ This study indicates that behavioral and social factors exert critical influences on the onset of childhood overweight in preschool years. From a population-health perspective, interventions aimed at preventing childhood obesity would do well to target smoking pregnant women, as well as nonsmoking pregnant women at risk for giving birth to high-birth-weight children, paying particular attention to rapid weight gain in the first months of life.
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Review Meta Analysis
Crossvalidation of anthropometry against magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children.
The study of the relationship between anthropometry and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is of great interest because VAT is associated with many risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and anthropometry is easy to perform in clinical practice. The studies hitherto available for children have, however, been performed on small sample sizes. ⋯ WC can be considered a good predictor of VAT as well as BMI of SAT. The importance of ethnicity and gender on VAT estimation is not negligible.
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To investigate the associations of birth weight, body mass index (BMI) during childhood and youth, and current BMI with adult lung function. ⋯ Our findings confirm the detrimental effect of high current BMI on adult lung function, and further suggest that early childhood growth has a protective influence.
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Exposure to risk factors in childhood may have long-term influences on vascular structure and function. This paper reviews recent findings from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study looking at the relationships between risk factors identified in childhood, including obesity, and arterial structure/function assessed in adulthood. ⋯ The data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study suggest that obesity indices measured in youth are significantly associated with increased carotid artery IMT and decreased elasticity in adulthood. These relations are, at least, partly explained by significant tracking of obesity from youth to adulthood. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining ideal weight from youth to adulthood in cardiovascular risk reduction.
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To assess the effect of weight change on the relationship between coffee and tea consumption and diabetes risk. ⋯ The negative relationship between diabetes risk and consumption of ground coffee and regular tea, observed for all NHEFS subjects, actually only applied to nonelderly adults who had previously lost weight.