Internal and emergency medicine
-
Cardiac surgery in Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) patients who refuse blood transfusion is challenging requiring dedicated strategies. We aimed to analyze non-selected JW patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to compare with matched controls both perioperative outcomes and long-term survival. We retrospectively analyzed JW patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January 2016 to March 2021 and compared them with matched controls. ⋯ After a median follow-up of 1397 [IQR 922.7-1723.5] days, JW patients were not associated with a significantly higher all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.24-2.42). Cardiac surgery can be safely performed in non-anemic JW patients despite the refusal of blood transfusions. Favorable clinical outcomes can be achieved by the use of specific perioperative strategies for bloodless surgery with no differences as compared to control patients except in JW patients with a very low level of post-operative hemoglobin not supported by immediate transfusions.
-
To date, we do not know if the excess of the body mass index (BMI) improves or worsens the outcomes in colorectal cancer treatment, and the correlation between BMI and prognosis remains unclear. A recent study in vitro showed a significant negative correlation between BMI and Cetuximab-induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. On these bases, we tried to analyze the potential correlation between BMI and survival in patients affected by metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and treated with Cetuximab. ⋯ No correlation between BMI and treatment response was seen between BMI ≥ 25 and BMI ≤ 24 groups (p = 0.14). Our experience suggests that mild obese and overweight patients treated with Cetuximab could experience a better survival. We also observed that among normal weight, overweight, and mild obese patients, there is a better response to immunochemotherapy in comparison with underweight patients, but this difference does not reach a significative statistical value.
-
Especially in the emergency department (ED), it is critical to identify weaknesses in prescribing behavior of IV maintenance fluids to ensure a qualitative 24-h fluid management plan. The primary aim of this study was to develop an audit instrument to assess the pitfalls in documentation and prescribing habits of IV fluid therapy for non-critically ill patients admitted to the ED. In this study, an expert panel initially designed the tool. ⋯ Criterion related validity of the final version was high (93.4%). To conclude, the instrument is considered reliable and can be used in clinical practice to evaluate ED fluid management. Thorough documentation is essential to evaluate the appropriateness of the IV fluid prescription, to improve information transfer on IV fluid therapy to the ward and to facilitate retrospective chart review of ED prescribing behavior.
-
COVID-19 has rapidly evolved since it was first discovered in December 2019. We aimed to retrospectively review our experience with COVID-19 infection across 2020-2022, focusing on differences in laboratory markers at presentation. Consecutive adult patients admitted to hospital with confirmed COVID-19 infection were retrospectively reviewed across three periods (29/3/2020-29/9/2020, 16/8/2021-13/10/2021 and 1/1/2022-31/1/2022), correlating with the lineages B.1.338, Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.159), respectively. ⋯ Using 2022 data, a multivariate prediction model was constructed to predict for oxygen requirement, with c-statistic 0.86. Patients in 2022, corresponding with the Omicron variant, displayed a milder disease course, even in hospitalised patients, with the majority not requiring oxygen and lower inflammatory markers. We constructed a simple-to-use risk prediction model with c-statistic 0.86 which may identify individuals who can be safely managed as outpatients in the era of highly transmissible variants.