Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
-
Gut microbiome affecting the responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors against advanced NSCLC has been investigated in the Western population. However, considering pre-existing genetic and gut microbiota variation, the relevance remains unknown in the East-Asian NSCLC population. This study is designed to explore the relationship between gut microbiome and clinical outcomes in Chinese patients with NSCLC who have received treatment using an anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade. ⋯ Our results reveal strong correlation between gut microbiome diversity and the responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients with favorable gut microbiome (such as those with high diversity) exhibit enhanced memory T cell and natural killer cell signatures in the periphery. These findings provide important implications for the prediction and the evaluation of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy against NSCLC in the Chinese population.