Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine
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Non-HDL cholesterol is a simple measure to analyze the total amount of proatherogenic lipoproteins in the blood and to predict development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether non-HDL cholesterol has a relationship with incident type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the association between non-HDL cholesterol and incident type 2 diabetes with a large-sample, community-based Korean cohort over a 12-year period. ⋯ In total, 1442 individuals (18.9%: 1442 of 7608) developed type 2 diabetes during the 12-year follow up period, with an incident rate of 3.0-5.0. Compared to the reference first quartile, the HRs (95% CIs) of incident type 2 diabetes for the second, third, and fourth quartiles increased in a dose-response manner after adjusting for potentially confounding variables, including the HOMA-IR marker. Non-HDL cholesterol level at baseline could be a future predictor of type 2 diabetes even when prior glucose or insulin (HOMA-IR) levels are normal.
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The balance between cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activities has been intricately linked to mitochondrial function, cellular oxidative status, and immunomodulation in healthy and diseased myocardium. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy, along with the associated mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction, is an important pathophysiological feature of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). We tested the hypothesis that autonomic modulation by activation of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) effectively attenuates DIC. ⋯ Contrarily, activation of mAChR by BET attenuated mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. The in vitro experiments confirmed the cytoprotective effects of AChR activation in DOX-treated H9c2 cells without compromising the anticancer effect of DOX in cancer cells. In conclusion, α7nAChR and mAChR agonists exerted cardioprotection against DIC via rebalancing autonomic function, improving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation, leading to improved cardiac function.