Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine
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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a medical condition characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure, resulting from different diseases. Due to their high occurrence of PH, intricate hemodynamic classification, and frequently multifactorial cause and mechanism, individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) are categorized as the fifth primary group of PH. Based on both domestic and international research, this article provides information on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and targeted drug treatment of PH associated with CKD.
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Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory oral disease that impaired the tooth-supporting apparatus, including gingival tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption. The initiation of periodontitis is linked to the presence of oral bacteria, particularly P. gingivalis within pathogenic biofilms. Here, we demonstrated the central role of the autophagy regulator Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) in orchestrating autophagy activation and modulating the host immune response against P. gingivalis in periodontitis. ⋯ Functionally, TFEB overexpression emerges as a potent alleviator of periodontitis-associated phenotypes, operating through the activation of autophagy and the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models. In addition, TFEB knockdown exacerbates the inflammatory response by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. The dual regulatory role of TFEB in governing both autophagy and inflammatory responses unveils novel insights into periodontitis pathogenesis, positioning TFEB as a promising therapeutic target for periodontitis intervention.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the synovial lining of the joints. Key inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), TNF-α, and others play a critical role in the activation of local synovial leukocytes and the induction of chronic inflammation. Tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in treating RA patients. ⋯ The constructed multi-biomarker panel demonstrated an average discriminative power of 86 % between response and non-response groups, with a high area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.84. Additionally, the panel exhibited 100 % sensitivity and 60 % specificity. Collectively, our multi-biomarker panel holds promise as a diagnostic tool to predict non-responders to TCZ treatment in RA patients.
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Cardiac fibrosis occurs following insults to the myocardium and is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of non-compliant extracellular matrix (ECM), which compromises cardiomyocyte contractile activity and eventually leads to heart failure. This phenomenon is driven by the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (cFbs) to myofibroblasts and results in changes in ECM biochemical, structural and mechanical properties. The lack of predictive in vitro models of heart fibrosis has so far hampered the search for innovative treatments, as most of the cellular-based in vitro reductionist models do not take into account the leading role of ECM cues in driving the progression of the pathology. ⋯ Next, we used Mass Spectrometry, nanoindentation, scanning electron and confocal microscopy to unveil the characteristic composition and the visco-elastic properties of the abundant, collagen-rich ECM deposited by cardiac myofibroblasts in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated that the fibrotic ECM activates mechanosensitive pathways in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, impacting on their shape, sarcomere assembly, phenotype, and calcium handling properties. We thus propose human bio-inspired decellularized matrices as animal-free, isogenic cardiomyocyte culture substrates recapitulating key pathophysiological changes occurring at the cellular level during cardiac fibrosis.
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Doxorubicin (DOX) is restricted due to its severe cardiotoxicity. There is still a lack of viable and effective drugs to prevent or treat DOX-induced cardiotoxicity(DIC). Vericiguat is widely used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. ⋯ In the present study, we constructed a DIC model using mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and found that vericiguat ameliorated DOX-induced cardiac insufficiency in mice, restored DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors. Further studies showed that vericiguat improved mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced mtDNA leakage into the cytoplasm by up-regulating PRKG1, which activated PINK1 and then inhibited the STING/IRF3 pathway to alleviate DIC. These findings demonstrate for the first time that vericiguat has therapeutic potential for the treatment of DIC.