Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyū no shinpo
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Oncolytic viruses are genetically engineered, recombinant viruses or naturally occurring, attenuated viruses that infect, replicate selectively within, and destroy tumor cells. These viruses are nontoxic to normal tissues, and progeny viruses released from destroyed tumor cells can spread and infect surrounding tumor cells. In addition, most oncolytic viruses can elicit specific antitumor immunity in the course of tumor cell destruction. ⋯ Thus far, oncolytic viruses that are inoculated intratumorally, are shown to be safe; adverse events typically observed are usually transient and include local inflammation and flu-like symptoms. Oncolytic viruses can be used in combination with chemotherapy or other conventional therapies, which, in some cases, can lead to synergistic effects. This review summarizes the recent advances in clinical and preclinical research on oncolytic virus therapy for malignant brain tumors.
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Despite remarkable advancements in brain tumor surgery after the introduction of operating microscopes and neuronavigation systems, precise removal of infiltrative brain tumors such as gliomas remains difficult. In many cases, the margins of these tumors are unclear even under the microscope. Neuronavigation based on preoperative images also is unreliable after the "brain shift" phonomenon following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) withdrawal and/or tumor removal. ⋯ Various lay-outs of the operating room and iMRI units with different magnetic field strengths ranging from 0.12T to 3.0T are currently in use. In 2006, we introduced 2 operation theaters with iMRI units, a 0.4T, relatively low (0.4T) and high (1.5T) magnetic-field strengths were installed at the Nagoya University Hospital and the Nagoya Central Hospital, one of our affiliated hospitals, respectively. In this paper, we discuss the, effectiveness of iMRI, as well as several problems associated with its application on the basis of the relevant literatures and our experience of more than 400 operations performed at the 2 different iMRI operation theaters, Brain THEATER and BrainSUITE.
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Case Reports
[Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with atypical findings on CT and MR imaging: two case reports].
We report 2 cases of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy with atypical findings on computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the acute to subacute stage. Case 1: A 78-year-old man with larynx cancer suffered cardiac arrest after suffocation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, was performed; the patient then went into a deep coma and also developed severemyoclonus. ⋯ The patient demonstrated early recovery and was almost completely recovered with slight agnosia. MR imaging to rule out hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy may not have been timed appropriately in both the case, our radiological findings are usual as compare to the findings presented in other similar reports. The variations in the findings of CT and MR imaging in the case of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy should be clarified, and the prognosis and management of this condition should be planned on the basis of not only the neuroradiological images but also the neurological signs and symptoms.