Medicina
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders whose diagnosis is clinical and with great variability in clinical presentation. The possibility of identifying and validating biomarkers in these neurodevelopmental disorders would help not only in their diagnosis, but also when implementing personalized treatments and monitori ng the response to treatment. ⋯ Different components of the ERP have been used for t he study of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as the P300, N400 component or the N170 component as a biomarker of social dysfunction in ASD. We review the main components of ERP that have been studied as complementary tools in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatments in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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the social and communication development and present a restricted and stereotyped pattern of interests and conduct. The depression associated to autism present infra detection and is associated to an increase of suicidal ideation, self-harming and suicide. ⋯ The existing evidence of autism associated with depression, its epidemiology, risk factors, evaluation instruments and treatment is presented. Conclusions: The autism associated to depression presents own characteristics, related to infra detection, infra treatment, worse response to treatment and evolution.
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Both Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and anxiety are two of the disorders that are most evident in the infant-juvenile population and there is a correlation between the two, as shown in numerous studies. The combination of both disorders affects the child's teaching-learning processes, causing learning difficulties (LD). ⋯ The instruments used were: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V (WISCV), the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire for Children (STAI-C), the Child and Adolescent Assessment System (SENA) and the Inventory of Problems at School (IPE). As a result, it is observed that the anxiety perceived by these children is not related to the anxiety perceived by parents and teachers, although the latter do coincide in their assessment.
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Early identification and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is necessary to promote access to early treatment, a critical factor in optimizing children's lifetime outcomes. And yet, diagnosis is often late, delaying interventions to a time in which symptoms have aggravated and communication skills already show impairing differences. This review illustrates progress in developmental social neuroscience that shows promise in generating novel tools for objective and cost-effective early diagnosis of ASD. ⋯ This progress and potential solutions have public health import ance because experienced clinicians are limited in number, and specialized clinical assessment services tend to be lengthy, costly, and plagued by extended wait time, all of which contributing to limited access, particularly in the case of low-resource families. The research reviewed here illustrates a wider effort to advance biomarker-based measurements intended to develop better and more efficient tools and procedures for screening, diagnosing and monitoring treatment response in children with ASD. The advent of such tools could increase access to early diagnostic services and promote efficiencies in early treatment delivery, with the ultimate goal of ensuring that children with ASD are afforded the services they need to thrive.
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Review
[A review of dialogic reading intervention in children with developmental language disorder].
Dialogic reading is one of the most used and studied techniques within the frame of shared book reading activities between children and adults. The current review aims to analyze its effects in late talkers and children with developmental language disorder, that is, not associated to other condition. ⋯ The evidence about the effectivity of dialogic reading in late talkers and children with developmental language disorders is promising but has important limitations that are mainly related to the design, social validity and reliability of interventions. Other remarkable issues relate to the books or materials employed and the measures used to assess its effectiveness.