Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
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Comparative Study
[Visual circle scale (VCS)--a patient-friendly scale to measure pain compared to VAS and Likert scale].
The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Likert scale (LS) are widely used but the patients might have difficulties to work with these scales and there might be errors in calculation. The visual circle scale (VCS) is a graphic construct with a simple grading to augment the understanding and ease for calculation. ⋯ The VCS is able to measure pain comparably to the known scales (VAS, Likert scale). From the patients point of view it is the preferred scale to work with.
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This case report describes the application of periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a patient with atrophic non-union of the distal femur after correction osteotomy. While biomechanical treatment devices for various bone defects are available in abundance, biological promoters for clinical application in situations of critical bone healing are still scarce. We showed radiographically that cultivated autologous periosteal bone precursor cells on a three-dimensional matrix can promote bone healing in a defect where numerous established methods had failed to lead to consolidation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical application of in-vitro cultivated autologous periosteum-derived cells for the healing of a large bone defect in humans.