Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Apr 2018
Gene-activated tissue grafts for sustained bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery and bone engineering: Is muscle with fascia superior to muscle and fat?
Previously, we have presented an expedited strategy for sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to bone lesions based on the implantation of gene-activated fat and muscle fragments. The aim of the present in vitro experiments was to evaluate the potential of muscle with fascia as a BMP-2 delivering osteo-regenerative implant in comparison to fat tissue and muscle alone. Subcutaneous fat, muscle, and muscle with fascia were harvested from Fischer 344 rats. ⋯ A dose of 4 × 108 plaque forming units of the adenoviral BMP-2 vector appeared to be the optimal dose for transduction of muscle with fascia. Because muscle with fascia produced higher amounts of BMP-2 as compared to muscle alone or fat tissue grafts, showing a high potential for osteogenic differentiation, it might represent an improved osteo-regenerative implant facilitating endogenous repair. Future studies should investigate the effect of muscle with fascia transduced with 4 × 108 plaque forming units on bone healing in vivo.
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Mar 2018
Comparative StudyComparison of three different types of scaffolds preseeded with human bone marrow mononuclear cells on the bone healing in a femoral critical size defect model of the athymic rat.
Large bone defects often pose major difficulties in orthopaedic surgery. The application of long-term cultured stem cells combined with a scaffold lead to a significant improvement of bone healing in recent experiments but is strongly restricted by European Union law. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC), however, can be isolated and transplanted within a few hours and have been proven effective in experimental models of bone healing. ⋯ Gene activity was measured after 1 week, and bone formation was analysed histologically and radiologically after 8 weeks. Generally, regenerative gene expression (BMP2, RUNX2, VEGF, SDF-1, and RANKL) as well as bony bridging and callus formation was observed to be most pronounced in defects filled with autologous bone, followed in descending order by DBM, β-TCP, and BS. Although DBM was superior in most aspects of bone regeneration analysed in comparison to β-TCP and BS, the level of autologous bone could not be attained.
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Mar 2018
Biocompatibility of two model elastin-like recombinamer-based hydrogels formed through physical or chemical cross-linking for various applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Biocompatibility studies, especially innate immunity induction, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, and fibrosis, are often lacking for many novel biomaterials including recombinant protein-based ones, such as elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), and has not been extensively explored in the scientific literature, in contrast to traditional biomaterials. Herein, we present the results from a set of experiments designed to elucidate the preliminary biocompatibility of 2 types of ELRs that are able to form extracellular matrix-like hydrogels through either physical or chemical cross-linking both of which are intended for different applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. ⋯ Furthermore, both types of ELR-based hydrogels were injected subcutaneously in immunocompetent mice and serum TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, confirming the lack of inflammatory response, as also observed upon macroscopic and histological evaluation. All these findings suggest that both types of ELRs possess broad biocompatibility, thus making them very promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine-related applications.
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Jan 2018
Review Meta AnalysisBone tissue engineering in oral peri-implant defects in preclinical in vivo research: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The regeneration and establishment of osseointegration within oral peri-implant bone defects remains a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is emerging as a promising alternative to autogenous and/or biomaterial-based bone grafting. The objective of this systematic review was to answer the focused question: in animal models, do cell-based BTE strategies enhance bone regeneration and/or implant osseointegration in experimental peri-implant defects, compared with grafting with autogenous bone or only biomaterial scaffolds? Electronic databases were searched for controlled animal studies reporting on peri-implant defects and implantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or other cells seeded on biomaterial scaffolds, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. ⋯ In summary, bone regeneration and osseointegration in peri-implant defects are enhanced by the addition of osteogenic cells to biomaterial scaffolds. Although the direction of treatment outcome is clearly in favour of BTE strategies, due to the limited magnitude of treatment effect observed, no conclusive statements regarding the clinical benefit of such procedures for oral indications can yet be made. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by the loss of nucleus pulposus (NP), which is a common cause for lower back pain. Although, currently, there is no cure for the degenerative disc disease, stem cell therapy is increasingly being considered for its treatment. In this study, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondroprogenitor cells (CPCs) derived from those cells to regenerate damaged IVD in a rabbit model. ⋯ In addition, IVDs receiving CPCs exhibited higher expression of NP-specific human markers, SOX9, aggrecan, collagen 2, FOXF1 and KRT19. The novelty of the study is that in vitro differentiated CPCs derived from umbilical cord MSCs, demonstrated far greater capacity to regenerate damaged IVDs, which provides basis and impetus for stem cell based clinical studies to treat degenerative disc disease. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.