Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Apr 2017
Enhancement of periosteal bone formation by basic fibroblast-derived growth factor containing polycystic kidney disease and collagen-binding domains from Clostridium histolyticum collagenase.
Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen for mesenchymal cells that accelerates bone union and repair when applied locally at defect sites. However, because bFGF diffuses rapidly from bone defect sites, repeated dosing is required for sustained therapeutic effect. We previously fused the collagen-binding domain (CBD) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domain of Clostridium histolyticum class II collagenase (ColH) to bFGF and demonstrated that the fusion protein markedly enhances bone formation when loaded onto collagen materials used for grafting. ⋯ Taken together, these results suggest that the PKD domain increases the retention of bFGF at graft sites by enhancing collagen-binding affinity. Therefore, bFGF-PKD-CBD-collagen composite appears to be a promising material for bone repair in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Feb 2017
Osteoclasts and their precursors are present in the induced-membrane during bone reconstruction using the Masquelet technique.
In 2000, Masquelet reported a long bone reconstruction technique using an induced membrane formed around a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacer placed in the defect with appropriate stabilization followed by secondary bone graft after PMMA removal. This reconstruction procedure allows rapid and safe bone reformation for septic, traumatic, neoplastic or congenital bone defects. A rat model of the Masquelet technique was developed to further characterize the biological activities of this induced membrane. ⋯ These cells were observed in a thin, highly cellular layer in the induced membrane in contact with the PMMA. Together, these findings suggest that the membrane is able to promote osteointegration of autologous corticocancellous bone grafts during the Masquelet technique by creating local conditions that may be favourable to graft bone remodelling and osteointegration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Heart valve tissue engineering is a promising alternative to prostheses for the replacement of diseased or damaged heart valves, because tissue-engineered valves have the ability to remodel, regenerate and grow. To engineer heart valves, cells are harvested, seeded onto or into a three-dimensional (3D) matrix platform to generate a tissue-engineered construct in vitro, and then implanted into a patient's body. ⋯ Natural and synthetic biomaterials that have been applied as scaffold systems or cell-delivery platforms are discussed with each cell type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Mar 2016
Foreskin-isolated keratinocytes provide successful extemporaneous autologous paediatric skin grafts.
Severe burns in children are conventionally treated with split-thickness skin autografts or epidermal sheets. However, neither early complete healing nor quality of epithelialization is satisfactory. An alternative approach is to graft isolated keratinocytes. ⋯ We report a successful method for grafting paediatric males presenting large severe burns through direct spreading of autologous foreskin keratinocytes. This alternative method is easy to implement, improves the quality of skin and minimizes associated donor site morbidity. In vitro studies have highlighted the potential of foreskin tissue for graft applications and could help in tissue selection with the prospect of grafting burns for girls.
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J Tissue Eng Regen Med · Mar 2016
Demineralized bone matrix and human cancellous bone enhance fixation of porous-coated titanium implants in sheep.
Allogenic bone graft has been considered the gold standard in connection with bone graft material in revision joint arthroplasty. However, the lack of osteogenic potential and the risk of disease transmission are clinical challenges. The use of osteoinductive materials, such as demineralized bone matrix (DBM), alone or in combination with allograft or commercially available human cancellous bone (CB), may replace allografts, as they have the capability of inducing new bone and improving implant fixation through enhancing bone ongrowth. ⋯ We found inferior early effects of DBM alone on the fixation of porous-coated titanium implant in this animal model, while the long-term effects have to be investigated. The combination of DBM with CB, which can be used off the shelf, may represent an alternative to allograft. A cost-benefit analysis is necessary before application in clinical trial.