The American journal of cardiology
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Clinical Trial
Accuracy of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for estimating the severity of functional mitral regurgitation.
Although intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used to guide mitral valve reconstructive procedures, the effects of hemodynamic alterations accompanying general anesthesia on mitral regurgitation (MR) are unknown. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of general anesthesia on MR jet size using TEE with color Doppler imaging in patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. Matched preoperative TEEs performed with the patient under intravenous conscious sedation, and intraoperative studies performed with the patient under general anesthesia were retrospectively reviewed in 46 patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. ⋯ Patients with leaflet flail and patients with functional MR had similar measures of regurgitation severity on preoperative imaging. On intraoperative imaging, regurgitant jet size was unchanged compared with preoperative studies among patients with leaflet flail (jet diameter 1.04 +/- 0.26 vs 1.10 +/- 0.28 cm, area 9.8 +/- 4.5 vs 10.1 +/- 5.2 cm2 on preoperative studies), although jet size decreased significantly in patients with functional MR (jet diameter 0.79 +/- 0.33 vs 1.10 +/- 0.29 cm [p < 0.001], area 5.7 +/- 3.5 vs 10.0 +/- 3.8 cm2 [p < 0.001] on preoperative studies). These findings were not accounted for by variation in heart rate, blood pressures, echocardiographic instrumentation, or Doppler Nyquist limit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anatomic indexes of the LAA are dependent on the plane in which the appendage is viewed. Greater LAA neck width and cross-sectional area are observed at 135 degrees than at 45 degrees or 90 degrees, consistent with the characteristic 3-dimensional ungular shape of this structure. Appendage ejection and inflow velocity measurements are independent of the imaging plane.