The American journal of cardiology
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Review Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of preprocedural statin administration for reducing contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary catheterization.
Preprocedural statin administration may reduce contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), but current evidence is controversial. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing preprocedural statin administration before coronary catheterization with standard strategies were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. The outcome of interest was the incidence of postprocedural CI-AKI. ⋯ In the subanalysis based on GFR, the pooled RR indicated a persistent benefit with statins in patients with GFR <60 ml/min (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.00, p = 0.050) and a highly significant benefit in patients with GFR ≥60 ml/min (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.61, p <0.0001). Statin type and N-acetylcysteine or hydration did not significantly influence the results. In conclusion, preprocedural statin use leads to a significant reduction in the pooled RR of CI-AKI.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis (5-year outcomes of the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2).
Ischemic heart disease is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. However, long-term benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) relative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in those patients is still unclear in the drug-eluting stent era. We identified 388 patients with multivessel and/or left main disease with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis among 15,939 patients undergoing first coronary revascularization enrolled in the Coronary REvascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2 (PCI: 258 patients and CABG: 130 patients). ⋯ Among the 201 patients who died during the follow-up, 94 patients (47%) died from noncardiac morbidities such as stroke, respiratory failure, and renal failure. In patients with multivessel and/or left main disease undergoing dialysis, 5-year outcomes revealed that CABG relative to PCI reduced the risk of cardiac death, sudden death, myocardial infarction, and any revascularization. However, the risk of all-cause death was not different between PCI and CABG.
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Review Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis of the influence of chronic kidney disease on the risk of thromboembolism among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist. However, the extent to which CKD increases the risk of thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular AF and the benefits of anticoagulation in this group remain unclear. We addressed the role of CKD in the prediction of thromboembolic events and the impact of anticoagulation using a meta-analysis method. ⋯ Recent data on novel oral anticoagulants suggested a higher efficacy of these agents compared with warfarin (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.96, p = 0.02) and aspirin (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.55, p <0.0001) in treating non-end-stage CKD. In conclusion, the presence of CKD in patients with AF is associated with an almost 50% increased thromboembolic risk, which can be effectively decreased with appropriate antithrombotic therapy. Further prospective studies are needed to better evaluate the interest of anticoagulation in patients with severe CKD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Quality of life in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention--radial versus femoral access (from the OCEAN RACE Trial).
Numerous studies have compared transradial (TR) versus transfemoral (TF) access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. These studies have focused on clinical efficacy and safety; yet little is known about the effect of the vessel access on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In the present study, patients were randomly assigned to TR (n = 52) or TF (n = 51) access groups. ⋯ There was a correlation between in-hospital mortality and 2 MacNew domains: physical (r = -0.329, p <0.05) and emotional (r = -0.374, p <0.01). In conclusion, radial access should be the preferred approach in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PCI when considering HRQoL. Radial access is associated with fewer problems with mobility and self-care and better psychological outcome after PCI.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Relation of digoxin use in atrial fibrillation and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients ≥65 years of age with versus without heart failure.
Previous studies on digoxin use in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the risk of all-cause mortality found conflicting results. We conducted a population-based, retrospective, cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to a hospital with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AF, in Quebec province, Canada, from 1998 to 2012. The AF cohort was grouped into patients with and without heart failure (HF) and into digoxin and no-digoxin users according to the first prescription filled for digoxin within 30 days after AF hospital discharge. ⋯ In the propensity score-matched no-HF group, digoxin use was associated with a 17% greater risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.19). In conclusion, our retrospective analyses found that digoxin use was associated with a greater risk for all-cause mortality in patients aged ≥65 years with AF regardless of concomitant HF. Large, multicenter, randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies are required to clarify this issue.