The American journal of cardiology
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is frequent and associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors for AKI after TAVI using the updated Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 classification criteria. We performed a retrospective analysis of 300 consecutive patients undergoing TAVI using either Edwards SAPIEN XT or CoreValve bioprostheses at our medical center. ⋯ In conclusion, according to the new Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 classification, 1 in every 6 patients in our cohort developed AKI after TAVI (most were stage 1 AKI). AKI was associated with increased mortality. No difference in AKI incidence was observed between different types and sizes of bioprostheses used.
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Observational Study
Utility of intra-aortic balloon pump support for ventricular septal rupture and acute mitral regurgitation complicating acute myocardial infarction.
Clinical data on optimal management of mechanical complications of myocardial infarction are lacking. We retrospectively evaluated the effect of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) on 30-day survival in patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR, n = 55) or acute mitral regurgitation (MR, n = 26) who developed either cardiogenic shock (n = 46) or severe hemodynamic instability that did not fulfill the criteria of shock (n = 35). IABP was inserted in 83% of the patients with shock and 57% of those without shock. ⋯ Early progression of cardiogenic shock and unperformed surgery were the only independent predictors of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 8 and hazard ratio 5.1, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 11, respectively; p = 0.004 and p <0.001, respectively). In conclusion, we suggest that all patients with postinfarction VSR or acute MR with signs of cardiogenic shock should immediately receive IABP as a bridge to emergent surgical repair. In contrast, hemodynamically unstable patients without shock may be first stabilized by medical therapy, without additional benefit of IABP, before they undergo cardiac surgery.
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Review Meta Analysis
Meta-analysis of effect of single versus dual antiplatelet therapy on early patency of bypass conduits after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Aspirin monotherapy represents a standard therapy for preserving patency after coronary artery bypass grafting. Randomized trials addressing whether dual antiplatelet therapy is superior to single antiplatelet therapy to achieve graft patency early after coronary surgery have shown inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing single versus dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary artery bypass grafting. ⋯ There was no effect on arterial graft patency. Bleeding was noted in 3.3% and 4.9% of single and dual therapy treated patients, respectively, with only 3 trials reporting bleeding outcomes. In conclusion, among 958 patients randomly assigned to either single or dual antiplatelet therapy for up to 1 year after coronary bypass surgery, single antiplatelet therapy significantly increased the risk for graft occlusion, an effect isolated to vein grafts, not arterial grafts.
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Comparative Study
Relation between the interval from coronary angiography to selective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and postoperative acute kidney injury.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are effects of intervals between elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) and coronary angiography (CAG) on postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). The clinical data of patients undergoing OPCABG and CAG from June 2010 to December 2011 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into AKI and non-AKI groups. ⋯ The incidence of AKI was highest (56.1%) in patients in whom OPCABG was performed ≤24 hours after CAG. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the interval of ≤24 hours between OPCABG and CAG did increase the risk of AKI (odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 4.20) after adjusting for the following confounding variables: diabetes mellitus, New York Heart Association heart function class III and IV, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, numbers of coronary artery bypass grafts ≥3, intraoperative or postoperative intra-aortic balloon pump, intraoperative and postoperative red blood cells transfusion of >3 units, postoperative hypotension, dosage of furosemide of >100 mg/day. In conclusion, it was one of the independent risk factors of postoperative AKI that the OPCABG was performed ≤24 hours after CAG.
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Comparative Study
Medicolegal characteristics of cardiac catheterization litigation in the United States, 1985 to 2009.
There are few assessments of patterns of medicolegal cases involving cardiac catheterizations. This descriptive study reviews the patterns of liability and medical outcomes involving cardiac catheterization litigation from the LexisNexis Academic database and the Physician Insurers Association of America registry. From 1985 to 2009, the Physician Insurers Association of America registry documented 1,361 closed coronary angiography claims. ⋯ When death was the outcome (31% of cases), physicians were highly likely to be sued (97%) and the judgment was more likely in the plaintiffs' favor (44%). In conclusion, in litigation related to cardiac catheterizations, most cases are due to medical malpractice and physicians are sued in a high percentage of cases. Cardiologists should recognize these patterns of litigation as these may impact and improve processes of care.