International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics : the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Dec 2016
ReviewStrengthening accountability for improved maternal and newborn health: A mapping of studies in Sub-Saharan Africa.
To describe the types of maternal and newborn health program accountability mechanisms implemented and evaluated in recent years in Sub-Saharan Africa, how these have been implemented, their effectiveness, and future prospects to improve governance and MNH outcomes. ⋯ There are few accountability mechanisms in MNH in Sub-Saharan Africa between decision-makers and those affected by those decisions with both the power and the will to enforce answerability. Increasing accountability depends not only on how mechanisms are enforced but also, on how providers and managers understand accountability.
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Dec 2016
Effect of combined spinal-epidural analgesia in labor on frequency of emergency cesarean delivery among nulliparous Chinese women.
To determine whether combined spinal-epidural analgesia (CSEA) during labor increases the frequency of emergency cesarean delivery among Chinese nulliparous women. ⋯ Among Chinese nulliparous women, use of CSEA for labor pain was associated with an increased risk of emergency cesarean delivery; moreover, this effect was maintained after adjustment for other potential obstetric risk factors.
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Dec 2016
Using advocacy and data to strengthen political accountability in maternal and newborn health in Africa.
Accountability mechanisms help governments and development partners fulfill the promises and commitments they make to global initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals and the Global Strategy on Women's and Children's health, and regional or national strategies such as the Campaign for the Accelerated Reduction in Maternal Mortality in Africa (CARMMA). But without directed pressure, comparative data and tools to provide insight into successes, failures, and overall results, accountability fails. The analysis of accountability mechanisms in five countries supported by the Evidence for Action program shows that accountability is most effective when it is connected across global and national levels; civil society has a central and independent role; proactive, immediate and targeted implementation mechanisms are funded from the start; advocacy for accountability is combined with local outreach activities such as blood drives; local and national champions (Presidents, First Ladies, Ministers) help draw public attention to government performance; scorecards are developed to provide insight into performance and highlight necessary improvements; and politicians at subnational level are supported by national leaders to effect change. Under the Sustainable Development Goals, accountability and advocacy supported by global and regional intergovernmental organizations, constantly monitored and with commensurate retribution for nonperformance will remain essential.
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Dec 2016
Multicenter StudyEvaluation of a ketamine-based anesthesia package for use in emergency cesarean delivery or emergency laparotomy when no anesthetist is available.
To assess the safety of a ketamine-based rescue anesthesia package to support emergency cesarean delivery and emergency laparotomy when no anesthetist was available. ⋯ The ESM-Ketamine package can be safely used by trained non-anesthetist providers to support emergency cesarean delivery and emergency laparotomy when no anesthetist is available.
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Dec 2016
Scorecards and social accountability for improved maternal and newborn health services: A pilot in the Ashanti and Volta regions of Ghana.
With the limited availability of quality emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) in Ghana, and a lack of dialogue on the issue at district level, the Evidence for Action (E4A) program (2011-2015) initiated a pilot intervention using a social accountability approach in two regions of Ghana. ⋯ Engaging a broad network of stakeholders to support MNH services has great potential if implemented in ways that are context-appropriate and that build around full collaboration with government and civil society stakeholders.