CNS neuroscience & therapeutics
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To analyze and compare the value of different treatment methods for acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)-related vasospasm. Cerebral hemodynamic variables' changes were evaluated by transcranial Doppler (TCD) in aSAH patients within 14 days after onset. ⋯ These results indicate that both neurosurgical clipping and endovascular coiling management may relieve the severity of cerebral vasospasm in acute aSAH.
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Pioglitazone, known as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM has been associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. Here, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone on memory impairment in a mouse model with defects in insulin sensitivity and secretion, namely high-fat diet (HFD) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. ⋯ It is concluded that PPARγ agonist pioglitazone may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of cognitive dysfunction in T2DM.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Ephedrine versus phenylephrine for the management of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: an updated meta-analysis.
A systematic literature review comparing the efficacy of ephedrine and phenylephrine for the management of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during Cesarean sections (C-sections) was published in 2002. A number of well-designed trials with controversial results have been published afterward. Therefore, an updated meta-analysis was necessary. ⋯ Prophylactic use of ephedrine and phenylephrine were both effective in preventing maternal hypotension during C-section under spinal anesthesia; phenylephrine was superior to ephedrine in treating hypotension, evidenced by higher umbilical blood pH values.
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This meta-analysis was undertaken to compare the three most common drug regimens of bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: high-dose bupivacaine (≥10 mg, HB), low-dose bupivacaine (<10 mg, LB) and combination of low-dose bupivacaine and opioids (LBO). ⋯ Compared with conventional HB regimen and LB regimen, LBO regimen not only reduced intraoperative hypotension but also provided reliable analgesia. Therefore, LBO regimen should be considered as the preferred drug combination for spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.