Molecular medicine reports
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Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase is an important source of superoxide (O2-) in human blood vessels. A critical component of this oxidase is the p22phox protein, which is encoded by the cytochrome b-245 α (CYBA) gene. Studies have suggested a possible association between polymorphisms of the CYBA gene and susceptibility to atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus (DM). ⋯ In non-diabetic subjects, the average carotid IMT of the TC+TT group did not differ from that of the CC group (0.81±0.08 vs. 0.84±0.069 mm, P>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between carotid IMT and blood glucose level and duration. Our findings demonstrate that the CC genotype of the p22 phox gene is a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
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Serrated polyps of the intestinal tract, specifically those within the colon, represent a wide variety of benign and neoplastic changes. Diagnostic entities include benign hyperplastic changes in prolapse, hyperplastic polyps (HPs), serrated adenomas (SAs) and carcinomas with serrated morphology. ⋯ It is important to be aware of the distinct aspects of clinical significance and the varying outcomes associated with different serrated changes. In this article, important histologic diagnoses with serrated histology are reviewed and juxtaposed, where applicable, with their respective molecular pathways.