Immunotherapy
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Adoptive T-lymphocyte transfer-based immunotherapy for cancers has seen huge leaps with both CARs and engineered TCRs. Despite this, issues relating to safety and efficacy persist. ⋯ On the other hand, inhibitory switch receptors inhibit the effects of tumor-reactive T lymphocytes on unintended targets. This paper reviews the switch receptors reported thus far, and lists out potential improvements and future works.
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Although the development of anticancer drugs has improved the outcomes of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, the clinical outcome of patients with relapsed sarcomas remains unsatisfactory due to therapeutic toxicities and resistance to anticancer drugs. Therefore, novel therapeutic modalities are needed to improve the outcome of patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas. ⋯ However, immune-suppressive conditions by immune regulator PD-1, CTLA-4 and regulatory T cells help tumor growth and progression. In this report, current immunotherapies including cellular immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of the treatments are discussed.