Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Mar 2011
Determination of serum neutralization antibodies against seasonal influenza A strain H3N2 and the emerging strains 2009 H1N1 and avian H5N1.
Humoral virus neutralizing activity is crucial in preventing influenza virus infection. However, the influenza neutralizing activity in the general population remains unclear. ⋯ Neutralizing activities against H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 were low in the general population. Therefore, public health agencies should design strategies for preventing potential H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics.
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Mar 2011
The annual costs associated with human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, and 18 infections in Finland.
It is known that infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18, cause cervical cancers (CC), cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (types 1 to 3; CIN 1-3), and genital warts (GW). Together with equivocal cytological abnormalities (ECA), these place a considerable burden on society, but the costs and resource usage are not easily estimated. Therefore, we undertook this study to estimate the burden and costs associated with HPV-related diseases. ⋯ HPV infections are a burden to society, not only as a result of cancer-related costs, but also costs related to other diseases and indirect costs in the form of lost productivity.