Journal of clinical psychology
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One hundred and ten outpatients with either acute or chronic low-back pain completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Life Experiences Survey. Acutes and chronics did not differ on dimensions of pain, but significant correlations between pain dimensions and depression and state anxiety were found for chronics. ⋯ Combined scores on depression, anxiety, and negative life change predicted sensory and affective pain for the pooled sample. These results confirm the role of psychological variables in the experience of clinical pain and underscore the highly affective nature of chronic pain.
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Twenty-seven chronic pain patients were assigned to one of three treatment groups: hypnosis, cognitive-behavioral, and an attention control. Hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral treatments were identical with the exception of the hypnotic induction. Scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Activity Log (Fordyce, 1976) were collected at pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up intervals. ⋯ Changes for both groups were sustained on the 1-month follow-up. Results of ANCOVAs showed that the cognitive-behavioral treatment resulted in significantly lower pain rating scores than those in the control treatment, but no significant differences were observed between the behavior and hypnosis groups. Findings support the superiority of the cognitive-behavioral treatment on behavior measures and equivalence to hypnosis on subjective measures.