Journal of clinical psychology
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A new 26-item self-report measure, the Pain Distress Inventory (PDI), was designed to assess affective distress symptoms related to physical pain. Phases 1 to 3 were designed to construct the PDI using contemporary test development strategies. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted to define and confirm the four-factor oblique structure of the PDI: PDI-Depression, PDI-Anger, PDI-Pain Sensitivity, and PDI-Somatic Anxiety. ⋯ Study 4 was designed to replicate previous findings of reliability and validity. The PDI total and scale scores were useful in differentiating between the responses of the clinic and nonclinic study participants. Limitations and potential uses of the PDI are discussed.