Dental clinics of North America
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After almost falling into obscurity, smokeless tobacco use began to increase almost simultaneously with the reduction in cigarette smoking that was influenced by the Surgeon General's first Report on Smoking and Health in 1964. Consumption of smokeless tobacco was stimulated by media promotion using professional athletes; and large numbers of impressionable male teenagers, assuming that it was a safe alternative to smoking, began to use this product, particularly snuff. The nicotine content of smokeless tobacco is equivalent to that of cigarettes and, therefore, will produce habituation and addiction. ⋯ A hazard of short-term use is irreversible gingival recession. The contact of snuff with the oral mucosa can produce leukoplakia that is readily visible and will alert the dentist. The dental professional team must actively strive to prevent initiation of smokeless tobacco use and assist with cessation of this habit.
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Dent. Clin. North Am. · Oct 1991
ReviewDiagnosis and management of sports-related injuries to the face.
The face is often the most exposed part of the body during athletic competition. This article concentrates on sports-related injuries to the zygoma and periorbital area, the maxilla, the nose, and the external ear. Discussions of the management of soft-tissue injuries and the diagnosis and treatment of underlying disruption of bone and cartilage are presented. A new piece of protective athletic equipment for the prevention of facial injuries to baseball players is introduced.
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Dent. Clin. North Am. · Oct 1991
ReviewDiagnosis and management of sports-related injuries to the teeth.
All dental emergencies must be considered true emergencies until determined otherwise. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of sports-related traumatic injuries to the teeth and supporting structures are essential to successful long-term clinical outcome. Emergency and long-term treatment techniques for crown fractures, tooth fractures, displaced teeth, and avulsed teeth are described from an endodontic perspective.