Injury
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This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Transient osteoporosis of pregnancy (TOP) is a rare yet perhaps under-reported condition that has affected otherwise healthy pregnancies throughout the world. The condition presents suddenly in the third trimester of a usually uneventful pregnancy and progressively immobilizes the mother. Radiographic studies detect drastic loss of bone mass, elevated rates of turnover in the bone, and oedema in the affected portion. ⋯ Aetiology is currently unknown, although neural, vascular, haematological, endocrine, nutrient-deficiency, and other etiologies have been proposed. Several treatments have also been explored, including simple bed rest, steroids, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, induced termination of pregnancy, and surgical intervention. The orthopedist plays an essential role in monitoring the condition (and potential complications) as well as ensuring satisfactory outcomes for both the mother and newborn.
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To compare lung and liver injury and laboratory results in haemorrhagic shock and sepsis models treated with combinations of lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and pentoxifylline (PTX). ⋯ HTS-PTX was superior to HES, LR-PTX, and LR for treating shock and sepsis, and LR-PTX and HES gave better results than LR therapy alone.
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Pelvic ring fractures often result in severely injured patients with multiple organ injuries. The most common associated injuries are intraabdominal or urogenital, and urogenital injuries are the most common associated injuries in those with severe pelvic fractures. Prompt and effective diagnosis and management of these injuries is essential to successful outcomes, but this is potentially complicated by poor communication and coordination among the many specialists involved. To address this, we present a multi-disciplinary review of pelvic fracture-associated bladder and urethral injuries that is specifically geared towards orthopaedic, urology, and trauma surgeons caring for these patients.