Medical care
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Understanding the current burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths in vulnerable populations will help inform efforts by policymakers to address disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. ⋯ Counties with high concentrations of non-Hispanic Blacks were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 throughout most of the pandemic, but other social determinants of health such as health insurance are now playing a more prominent role than race and ethnicity.
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Permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs have the potential to improve health and reduce Medicaid expenditures for beneficiaries experiencing homelessness. However, most research on PSH has been limited to small samples of narrowly defined populations. ⋯ Placement in PSH is associated with lower hospital utilization and spending. No relationship was found, however, between PSH placement and TCOC, likely due to increased pharmacy spending in the PSH group. Greater access to prescription drugs may have improved the health of PSH-placed individuals in a way that reduced hospital episodes with neutral effects on TCOC.
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Observational Study
Availability of Outpatient Telemental Health Services in the United States at the Outset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused dramatic changes in everyday life, a major concern is whether patients have adequate access to mental health care despite shelter-in-place ordinances, school closures, and social distancing practices. ⋯ At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, fewer than half of outpatient mental health treatment facilities were providing telehealth services. Our results suggest that additional policies to promote telehealth may be warranted to increase availability over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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To develop distinct social risk profiles based on social determinants of health (SDH) information and to determine whether these social risk groups varied in terms of health, health care utilization, and costs. ⋯ LCA is a practical method of aggregating correlated SDH data into a finite number of distinct social risk groups. Understanding the constellation of social challenges that patients face is critical when attempting to address their social needs and improve health outcomes.
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The opioid overdose epidemic has been declared a public health emergency. Women are more likely than men to be prescribed opioid medications. Some states have adopted policies to improve opioid prescribing, including prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) and pain clinic laws. ⋯ PDMPs and pain clinic laws, such as those implemented in Kentucky, may be promising strategies to reduce the adverse impacts of high-risk opioid prescribing among reproductive-aged women. As states continue efforts to improve inappropriate opioid prescribing, similar strategies as those adopted in Kentucky merit consideration.