Chest
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A 73-year-old man with fever and fatigue presented to his doctor. He had a history of smoking (52 pack-years) and COPD on home oxygen therapy. The patient had no significant family medical history, illicit drug-use history, or recent alcohol use. ⋯ No sputum, urine, or blood cultures were done. Based on the examination, the previous doctors suspected microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) rather than an atypical/resistant infectious disease. The patient was treated with high-dose methylprednisolone (500 mg for 2 days and 125 mg for 13 days), but hemoptysis reappeared, and the patient was subsequently transported to our hospital.
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A 67-year-old woman developed sudden-onset severe dyspnea 24 h after a bilateral sequential lung transplant for COPD. She had an uneventful surgery performed on cardiopulmonary bypass support. ⋯ Her primary graft dysfunction score was grade 2, 1, and 1 at 0, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Approximately 24 h after the procedure, she complained of increasing shortness of breath without fever, chills, cough, or pleuritic chest pain.
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Case Reports
A 44-Year-Old Woman with Dyspnea and Hemoptysis in the Setting of Remote Bariatric Surgery.
A 44-year-old woman was transferred to the ED from an outside hospital because of hemoptysis and concern for left-sided pulmonary infiltrate with associated pleural effusion. The patient presented to this outside hospital multiple times over the past 3 months because of left-sided shoulder pain, diffuse myalgias, and supraventricular tachycardia. On her third visit, she was found to have a left-sided pleural effusion and underwent diagnostic and therapeutic thoracentesis; 1.5 L of fluid was removed. ⋯ Before her transfer, the patient experienced foul-smelling, maroon-colored hemoptysis as well as anemia that required a higher level of care. On arrival to the ED, she was in acute hypoxic respiratory failure. The patient was intubated emergently and was admitted to the medical critical care unit for further treatment.
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A 62-year-old White man with a history of orthotopic liver transplantation 16 years ago for alcoholic liver cirrhosis on chronic immunosuppression and recurrent decompensated cirrhosis of his graft liver complicated by ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and esophageal varices presented to the hospital with altered mental status. Over the last few weeks, he had reduced frequency of bowel movements and subsequently developed altered sensorium 3 days before presentation. On arrival to the hospital, he was disoriented and had asterixis consistent with hepatic encephalopathy. ⋯ He subsequently underwent a bronchoscopy with BAL and transbronchial biopsy. BAL fluid was negative for bacterial, fungal, and acid-fast bacilli cultures. Pathology from the transbronchial biopsy showed atypical epithelioid cells in intravascular spaces.