International urogynecology journal
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Although the bladder neck is elevated during a pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction, it descends during straining. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bladder neck displacement, electromyography (EMG) activity of the pelvic floor and abdominal muscles and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during different pelvic floor and abdominal contractions. ⋯ Bladder neck elevation was only observed when the activity of PFM EMG was high relative to the IAP increase.