International urogynecology journal
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Standard external landmarks have been suggested as a guide for in-office percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE), but validity of these landmarks has not been assessed. Our objective was to determine whether the standard 9 cm from the tip of the coccyx indicates the position of the S3 sacral foramen and whether other boney landmarks and measurements improved positioning. ⋯ A distance 9 cm from the tip of the coccyx is a reasonable starting landmark for in-office blind PNE. However, given the variability in coccyx length, caution should be taken; also, sensory-motor response is necessary to confirm proper placement.