The journal of trauma and acute care surgery
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Jun 2012
Distraction lengthening by callotasis of traumatically shortened bones of the hand.
Callotasis of the hand has several advantages: it is less invasive than other techniques as bone grafting is unnecessary, gradual distraction is possible, joint mobilization can be performed during treatment, and sensation is maintained. Disadvantages include longer period of treatment and perhaps the need for complicated and bulky instrumentation. ⋯ Therapeutic study, level V.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Jun 2012
The Fort Hood Massacre: Lessons learned from a high profile mass casualty.
On November 5, 2009, an army psychiatrist at Fort Hood in Killeen, TX, allegedly opened fire at the largest US military base in the world, killing 13 and wounding 32. ⋯ Prognostic study, level V.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Jun 2012
Comparative StudyVagal nerve stimulation decreases blood-brain barrier disruption after traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may alter sympathetic tone causing autonomic abnormalities and organ dysfunction. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to decrease inflammation and distant organ injury after TBI. It is unknown whether VNS may reduce blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after TBI.We hypothesize that VNS prevents TBI-induced breakdown of the BBB, subsequent brain edema, and neuronal injury. ⋯ VNS attenuates cerebral vascular permeability and decreases the up-regulation of AQP-4 after TBI. Future studies are needed to assess the mechanisms by which VNS maintains the BBB.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Jun 2012
Comparative Study4F, apolipoprotein AI mimetic peptide, attenuates acute lung injury and improves survival in endotoxemic rats.
4F, apolipoprotein AI mimetic peptide, mimics anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The aim of this study was to investigate whether 4F attenuates acute lung injury and improves survival in endotoxemic rats and to determine whether the therapeutic benefits of 4F are associated with the stimulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), the activation of Akt, the down-regulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, and the suppression of cell adhesion molecules. ⋯ 4F attenuated acute lung injury and improved survival in endotoxemic rats. The therapeutic benefits of 4F were found to be associated with the stimulation of S1P1, the activation of Akt, the down-regulation of the NF-κB pathway, and the suppression of cell adhesion molecules.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Jun 2012
Lipidomics analysis of mesenteric lymph after trauma and hemorrhagic shock.
After trauma and hemorrhagic shock (T/HS), a variety of inflammatory mediators enter the systemic circulation through mesenteric lymph ducts, leading to acute lung injury and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome. Recent studies have demonstrated that post-HS mesenteric lymph (PHSML) activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and causes vascular endothelial cell and red blood cell dysfunction. Furthermore, PHSML contains proinflammatory mediators, such as biologically active lipids. The purpose of this study was to identify the lipid mediators in PHSML and plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and then estimate the biologic activities of the identified lipids on PMNs. ⋯ Mesenteric lymph after T/HS contains biologically active lipids, such as LPCs and LPEs with polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury/multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome.