Postgraduate medical journal
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Feedback is crucial to learning and is a difficult concept to define, occurring as a consequence of learner performance with the ultimate aim of influencing change in the learner. Here, we discuss strategies for giving feedback in the operating room revolving around the following themes: encouraging a sociocultural process, forming an educational alliance, sharing training goals, finding the appropriate time, giving task-specific feedback, approaching unsatisfactory performance and providing follow-up. It is essential that surgeons understand the fundamental feedback theories at play in the operating room described in this article and how they influence surgical training at all stages.
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Diabetes prevalence estimates suggest an increasing trend in South-East Asia region, but studies on its incidence are limited. The current study aims to estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in a population-based cohort from India. ⋯ A high incidence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Asian-Indians suggests a faster conversion rate to dysglycaemia, which is partly explained by sedentary lifestyle and consequent obesity in these individuals. The high incidence rates call for a pressing need for public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors.
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Appendiceal neoplasms are uncommon entities that are usually determined incidentally during the histopathological examination. Different techniques used for the macroscopic sampling of appendectomy material may affect the determinating neoplasms. ⋯ The vast majority of appendiceal neoplasms are seen in the distal part of the appendix, and, in some cases, neoplasms might be seen on only one side of the distal section. Sampling only one-half of the distal part of the appendix, where tumours are most often observed, could result in some neoplasms being missed. Therefore, sampling the whole distal part would be more beneficial to determine small diameter tumours that do not create macroscopic findings.
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Microalbuminuria (MAB) is a sensitive biomarker of cardiovascular risk that is directly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality. Recent studies have evaluated the presence of MAB in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or hospitalised for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). ⋯ The presence of MAB on admission for AECOPD was associated with more severe COPD and prolonged hospitalisation, as well as with higher rates of AECOPD and mortality risk at 1-year follow-up.
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It has been reported that Mediterranean diet (MD) may improve quality of life and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), some neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to determine adults' adherence to the MD and evaluate the effect of the adherence to the MD on anthropometric measurements, specific biochemical parameters and quality of life. ⋯ According to our study, MD adherence was associated with decreased fat mass, FBG, insulin and TG levels which suggests that the MD may be useful in the treatment of some chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and CVD. However, more clinical trials may be performed to determine the relationship between MD and chronic diseases.