Postgraduate medical journal
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Prehospital high concentration oxygen therapy leads to worse clinical outcomes in patients presenting with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Less is known about the risks of hypoxaemia despite oxygen treatment. Current respiratory and ambulance guidelines recommend titration of supplemental oxygen to a target oxygen saturation range of 88%-92%. ⋯ In patients presenting via ambulance to the Emergency Department with AECOPD, serious adverse clinical outcomes are associated with both hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia. These data provide further support for the principle of titrating supplemental oxygen therapy to target oxygen saturations.
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To determine the life expectancy and mortality rates in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with the UK general population; to measure the years of life lost. ⋯ Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a significant reduction in life expectancy, more markedly in men, and in those diagnosed before age 70 years. However, annual mortality rates have fallen progressively in our population and may contribute to longer survival and life expectancy in future years.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Telephone referrals by junior doctors: a randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of SBAR in a simulated setting.
To determine whether exposing junior doctors to Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (SBAR) improves their telephone referrals. SBAR is a standardised minimum information communication tool. ⋯ In this simulated setting exposure to SBAR did not improve telephone referral performance by increasing the amount of critical information presented, despite the fact that it is a minimum data element tool. SBAR did improve the 'call impact' of the telephone referral as measured by qualitative global rating scores.
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Comparative Study
Comparative outcomes of total hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study.
The comparative outcome of primary hip and knee arthroplasty is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the outcome and satisfaction of these procedures and determine predictive models for 1 year patient outcome with a view to informing surgical management and patient expectations. ⋯ Both THA and TKA confer substantial improvement in patient outcome; however, greater joint specific, general health and satisfaction scores are reported following THA. This difference is physical in nature. Regression models are presented that can be applied to predict mean hip/knee arthroplasty outcome based on preoperative values.
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Severe trauma is an increasing global problem mainly affecting fit and healthy younger adults. Improvements in the entire pathway of trauma care have led to improvements in outcome. Development of a regional trauma system based around a trauma centre is associated with a 15-50% reduction in mortality. ⋯ The ideal initial resuscitation fluid remains controversial. In appropriately selected patients early aggressive blood product resuscitation is beneficial. Hypothermia can exacerbate bleeding and the benefit in traumatic brain injury is not adequately studied for firm recommendations.