Postgraduate medical journal
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Acid-base disorders are common in pediatric patients. We present a simple methodology for assessing both simple and complex acid-base disorders that is applicable to patients of all ages, and focus specifically on the usefulness of this approach in the pediatric patient. The application of four simple rules in sequence will define even the most complicated acid-base disturbance. ⋯ For each of the cardinal acid base disorders, the common and clinically-relevant causes in pediatric patients are explored. Additional diagnostic tools (including the serum anion gap, the delta-delta, the alveolar-arterial gradient, urine anion gap, and urine chloride), certain easily-recalled mnemonics, and empiric rules of thumb are also useful in specific situations. The treatment of acid-base disturbances is also considered, though treatment is generally best directed at the underlying disorder.
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This study aims to evaluate the attending surgeons' and residents' attitudes towards error disclosure and factors that can potentially affect these tendencies in major academic hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). ⋯ There was an obvious gap between surgeons' intentions and actual practices concerning disclosure of medical error. Education in medical error management to professionally support error disclosure might help reduce the gap.
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To determine how foundation year 2 (F2) doctors view the input of hospital consultants into their workplace based assessments (WPBAs). ⋯ Completion of foundation doctors' assessments by hospital consultants is viewed as a low priority. These assessments are being completed to a large extent by fellow doctors in training. The learning opportunities are consequently less educationally productive. F2 doctors want more opportunities for valued consultant interaction with timely feedback. Suggestions are proposed to improve WPBA implementation. The present WPBA process lacks integrity and a change in approach is urgently required.
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Chronic pain is pain that persists past the normal time of healing, and is seen as a common problem with a significant socioeconomic impact. Pharmacological management for chronic non-cancer pain also involves the prescription of opioids, with the aim of an improved quality of life for the patient. New guidelines have been published to aid prescribing clinicians improve opioid safety and patient care, and include recommendations on when to refer patients to a pain specialist. ⋯ Overdose concerns and the potential for fatal overdose may necessitate mandatory training for all clinicians who prescribe opioids. Despite the widespread use of opioids in the management of chronic non-cancer pain, significant research gaps remain. An improvement in the evidence base for its prescription is required.