Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Apr 2015
Review[Indications and limitations for colloids in interventions and surgery].
Over the last few decades colloids have played an important part in the stabilisation of patients with acute need of intravascular volume replacement. After the 6S and the CHEST trials were published in 2012 and the subsequent recommendations of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) there has been some uncertainty about the current clinical relevance and routine use of colloids. ⋯ In situations of acute volume resuscitation colloids are still appropriate. Only colloids in balanced solutions should be used. Possible side effects, contraindications and the maximum daily dose have to be taken into consideration when administering colloids.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Apr 2015
[Ten years of early defibrillation: "Bochum against sudden cardiac death". Acceptance and critical analysis of using automated external defibrillators].
There is a comprehensive early defibrillation program in Bochum (Germany); since 2003 a total of 175 automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have been installed in urban areas by the city of Bochum and private companies. These were preferably installed in places with high foot traffic, e.g., public buildings, companies, and event/shopping centers. Approximately 15,000 laypeople who work in the vicinity of the AED locations were trained in the use of defibrillators and in basic resuscitation. In addition, rescue workers on fire trucks and medically trained personnel in physicians' medical practices were equipped as "first responders" with AEDs. ⋯ Compared to the number of existing units and an estimated number of 37-100 SCD/100,000, the use of the AEDs only 17 times appears relatively small. To improve the effectiveness of the AED program in Bochum, an analysis of the emergency service responses, which were necessary because of sudden circulatory collapse, is currently being performed. This will allow areas with an increased incidence of SCD to be identified and a plan for the strategic placement of AED and emergency services can be made.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Apr 2015
Review[The role of colloids in intensive care medicine. Evidence instead of emotions].
Besides albumin, which is gained from human donors, synthetic colloids have been playing a dominant role in treating patients in shock and are standard therapy in intensive care units (ICU). Since the publication of large randomized controlled trials indicating negative effects on renal function, their use has been questioned, especially for hydroxyethyl starch products. The preliminary assumption that these side effects are only existent in first or secondary generation starch fluids was proven incorrect. In fact, the use of hydroxyethyl starch products in critically ill patients is prohibited by the European Medicines Agency. ⋯ Especially during the first 6 h of sepsis, when aggressive volume therapy is decisive for patient outcome, colloids may be relevant to increase patient survival. The latest guideline on treatment with colloids has been published in the German S3 guideline "Intravascular volume therapy in adults."
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Apr 2015
Review[Management of dysphagia in internal intensive-care medicine].
Physicians specializing in dysphagia are needed in modern intensive care medicine. Long-term intubation is associated with aspiration and swallowing disorders. ⋯ A clinically experienced, interdisciplinary team is required to provide optimal care for critically ill patients with dysphagia. Intensive care physicians should therefore know about basics in dysphagiology.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Apr 2015
Review[Choice of crystalloids in interventions and surgery].
Fluid therapy is daily routine in the perioperative setting; however, high quality guidelines are lacking. The S3-guideline Intravasal Fluid Therapy in the Adult Patient gives evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for the use of fluids in perioperative and critically ill patients. In addition to identifying hypovolemia and guiding volume replacement, the type of fluid that should be used is addressed. ⋯ In this review the recommendations and their rationale in the perioperative setting are presented. Crystalloids are the basis of fluid therapy. Instead of isotonic saline, buffered solutions are recommended. Regarding the type of buffer (lactate, acetate, malate), no preferences based on outcome data can be made.