Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Jun 2018
Review[Extracorporeal renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury : Recommendations from the renal section of the DGIIN, ÖGIAIN and DIVI].
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The incidence of AKI in ICU patients exceeds 50% and the associated morbidity and mortality rates increase with severity of AKI. In addition, long-term consequences of AKI are underestimated and several studies show impaired long-term outcome after AKI. In about 5-25% of ICU patients with AKI renal replacement therapy (RRT) is required. ⋯ Today, different treatment modalities for RRT are available. Although continuous RRT and intermittent dialysis therapy as well as continuous dialysis therapy have comparable outcomes, differences exist with respect to practical application as well as health-economic aspects. Individualized risk stratification might be helpful to choose the right time to start and the right treatment modality for patients.
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Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed · Jun 2018
[Metabolic management and nutrition in critically ill patients with renal dysfunction : Recommendations from the renal section of the DGIIN, ÖGIAIN, and DIVI].
Intensive care patients with renal failure or insufficiency comprise a heterogeneous group of subjects with widely differing metabolic patterns and nutritional requirements. They include subjects with various stages of acute kidney injury (AKI), acute-on-chronic renal failure (A-CKD), without/with renal replacement therapy (RRT), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and subjects on regular hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis therapy (HD/PD). ⋯ Thus, the patient with renal failure requires an individualized approach in nutrition support and because of the altered metabolism of many nutrients and intolerances for electrolytes and fluids, the nutrition support in patients with renal insufficiency requires close clinical and laboratory monitoring.
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Up to 80% of all critically ill patients develop gastrointestinal dysfunction, predominantly gastrointestinal motility disorder. In critically ill patients, gastrointestinal dysfunction or gastrointestinal failure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. ⋯ Therapeutic options are normal potassium and magnesium levels, restrictive fluid balance, improved gastrointestinal microcirculation, individual sedoanalgetic concepts and early enteral nutrition. In addition, numerous target-oriented medical therapeutic options are available.