Contraception
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pain control for intrauterine device insertion: a randomized trial of 1% lidocaine paracervical block.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a 1% lidocaine paracervical block on perceived patient pain during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. ⋯ Compared with no anesthetic, a 1% lidocaine paracervical block did not result in a statistically significant decrease in perceived pain with IUD insertion.
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Comparative Study
Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition risk: implications for individual users and public policies.
A recent observational study among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples (uninfected women living with an infected partner) raised concerns about the safety of injectable contraceptives, especially depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). The purpose of this paper is to assess the implications of potentially elevated risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition with the use of hormonal contraceptives for individual users and public policies. ⋯ Individual DMPA users may be advised to shift to sterilization, IUD or implant depending upon their reproductive needs and circumstances, but not to no method, OC or even condom alone. At the macro level, the decision to withdraw DMPA from family planning programs in sub-Saharan Africa is not warranted.