Respiratory investigation
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Respiratory investigation · Jul 2014
Comparative StudyFeatures of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with primary Sjögren׳s syndrome compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
The different characteristics of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with primary Sjögren׳s syndrome (UIP/pSS) compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) are not fully understood. This study aimed to compare characteristics, prognosis, and treatment responses in these patients. ⋯ This study identified distinct clinical, radiological, and pathological characteristics of UIP/pSS compared with UIP/IPF. Immunosuppressive treatment could be a therapeutic option for UIP/pSS.
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Respiratory investigation · Jul 2014
Comparative StudyReference values for spirometry, including vital capacity, in Japanese adults calculated with the LMS method and compared with previous values.
Reference values for lung function tests should be periodically updated because of birth cohort effects and improved technology. This study updates the spirometric reference values, including vital capacity (VC), for Japanese adults and compares the new reference values with previous Japanese reference values. ⋯ The new reference values faithfully reflect spirometric indices and provide an age-specific LLN for the 17-95-year age range, enabling improved diagnostic accuracy. Compared with previous prediction equations, they more accurately reflect the transition in pulmonary function during young adulthood. In elderly subjects, the FVC reference values are not interchangeable with the VC values.
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Respiratory investigation · Jul 2014
Formoterol and budesonide inhibit rhinovirus infection and cytokine production in primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells.
Long-acting β(2) agonists (LABAs) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) reduce the frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma. However, inhibitory effects of LABAs and ICSs on the replication of rhinovirus (RV), the major cause of exacerbations, have not been demonstrated. ⋯ Formoterol and budesonide may inhibit RV infection by reducing the ICAM-1 levels and/or acidic endosomes and modulate airway inflammation associated with RV infections.
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Respiratory investigation · Jul 2014
Comparing surrogates of oxygenation and ventilation between airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic airway pressure in a mechanical model of adult respiratory distress syndrome.
No objective data directly comparing the 2 modes are available. Based on a simple mathematical model, APRV and BIPAP can presumably be set to achieve the same mean airway pressure (mPaw), end expiratory pressure, and tidal volume (V(T)). Herein, we tested this hypothesis when using a real ventilator and clinically relevant settings based on expiratory time constants. ⋯ We found that neither mode was superior to the other, and that a real ventilator does not behave like a mathematical model. Extreme prolongation of T high generated a higher mPaw at the expense of V(E), and vice versa. The lower V(T) with APRV was due to the higher total PEEP, which was higher than expected. Setting the T low according to the respiratory system time constant for either mode resulted in an unpredictable total PEEP.