JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery
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JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThe use of clinical parameters to predict obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in children: the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy (CHAT) study randomized clinical trial.
It is important to distinguish children with different levels of severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) preoperatively using clinical parameters. This can identify children who most need polysomnography (PSG) prior to adenotonsillectomy (AT). ⋯ This study of more than 450 children with OSAS identifies a number of clinical parameters that are associated with OSAS severity. However, information on demographics, physical findings, and questionnaire responses does not robustly discriminate different levels of OSAS severity.
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JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Feb 2015
Public insurance and timing of polysomnography and surgical care for children with sleep-disordered breathing.
Although children with low socioeconomic status (SES) have increased risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), their access to subspecialty care is often limited. Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard diagnostic test used to characterize SDB and diagnose obstructive sleep apnea; however, it is unknown whether SES impacts timeliness of obtaining PSG and surgical treatment with adenotonsillectomy (AT). ⋯ Children with public insurance experienced longer intervals from initial evaluation to PSG or surgery. Almost half of patients with PSG requested were lost to follow-up, regardless of SES. These findings suggest that PSG may be a deterrent for definitive care for all children, and particularly for children with public insurance or low SES. This study emphasizes the need to understand factors contributing to disparities surrounding delay in care with PSG and surgery for children with SDB.
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JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Feb 2015
Comparative StudyImprovements in survival and disparities for advanced-stage laryngeal cancer.
Laryngeal cancer survival rates have declined over the past 2 decades. Primary surgical therapy may increase survival rates in advanced-stage tumors. ⋯ Louisiana State University Health-Shreveport treated more uninsured patients with advanced-stage laryngeal cancer compared with national data but demonstrated higher survival rates for those with advanced-stage disease. The results also demonstrate that we have continued a high rate of primary surgical therapy for advanced-stage disease, despite the national trend toward organ preservation. We believe that upfront laryngectomy may explain our higher survival rates for advanced-stage laryngeal cancer.
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To our knowledge, we report the first series to analyze use of the Montgomery cannula as an airway management tool for indications other than obstructive sleep apnea. ⋯ We identified features associated with successful use of the cannula and an additional indication for a Montgomery cannula as a step-down management tool for decannulation.
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JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Feb 2015
Inpatient observation for elective decannulation of pediatric patients with tracheostomy.
The incidence and timing patterns of decannulation failure in children are unknown. There is substantial variability in the duration of inpatient hospitalization for patients undergoing decannulation, which represents an opportunity for improved resource use. ⋯ Elective decannulation failure occurred in 9% of this population and may be more common in younger patients and those with a diagnosis of vocal fold paralysis. Patients who are symptomatic during predecannulation capping are at high risk for decannulation failure. Inpatient observation for a 24-hour asymptomatic interval after decannulation may be sufficient because late failures were not observed in this sample.