JAMA pediatrics
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of increased coverage of participatory women's groups on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh: A cluster randomized trial.
Community-based interventions can reduce neonatal mortality when health systems are weak. Population coverage of target groups may be an important determinant of their effect on behavior and mortality. A women's group trial at coverage of 1 group per 1414 population in rural Bangladesh showed no effect on neonatal mortality, despite a similar intervention having a significant effect on neonatal and maternal death in comparable settings. ⋯ Women's group community mobilization, delivered at adequate population coverage, is a highly cost-effective approach to improve newborn survival and health behavior indicators in rural Bangladesh.
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Increased use of computed tomography (CT) in pediatrics raises concerns about cancer risk from exposure to ionizing radiation. ⋯ The increased use of CT in pediatrics, combined with the wide variability in radiation doses, has resulted in many children receiving a high-dose examination. Dose-reduction strategies targeted to the highest quartile of doses could dramatically reduce the number of radiation-induced cancers.
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Short sleep duration is common in adolescents and young adults, and short sleep duration is a risk factor for motor vehicle crash. ⋯ Less sleep per night significantly increased the risk for crash for young drivers. Less sleep on weekend nights increased the risk for run-off-road crashes and crashes occurring in the late-night hours. This provides rationale for governments and health care providers to address sleep-related crashes among young drivers.
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An increasing number of states are decriminalizing the use of medical marijuana, and the effect on the pediatric population has not been evaluated. ⋯ We found a new appearance of unintentional marijuana ingestions by young children after modification of drug enforcement laws for marijuana possession in Colorado. The consequences of unintentional marijuana exposure in children should be part of the ongoing debate on legalizing marijuana.