JAMA surgery
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Intraoperative Infusion of Dexmedetomidine for Prevention of Postoperative Delirium and Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Major Elective Noncardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Unlike dexmedetomidine sedation in the critical care setting, intraoperative dexmedetomidine does not reduce postoperative delirium.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Association of Very Low-Volume Practice With Vascular Surgery Outcomes in New York.
Little research has focused on very low-volume surgery, especially in the context of decreasing vascular surgery volume with the adoption of endovascular procedures. ⋯ The OAR and CEA procedures performed by very low-volume surgeons resulted in worse postoperative outcomes and greater lengths of stay. Although the percentage of very low-volume surgeons declined from 2000 to 2014, it remains concerning, given ready access to higher-volume surgeons. Future research is needed to understand the existence of this practice pattern in other surgical fields. Efforts to eliminate this practice pattern are warranted to ensure high-quality care for all patients.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Association of the Modified Frailty Index With 30-Day Surgical Readmission.
Frail patients are known to have poor perioperative outcomes. There is a paucity of literature investigating how the Modified Frailty Index (mFI), a validated measure of frailty, is associated with unplanned readmission among military veterans following surgery. ⋯ The mFI is associated with poor surgical outcomes, including readmission, primarily due to impaired functional status. Targeting potentially modifiable aspects of frailty preoperatively, such as improving functional status, may improve perioperative outcomes and decrease readmissions.
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Vena cava filter (VCF) placement for pulmonary embolism (PE) prophylaxis in trauma is controversial. Limited research exists detailing trends in VCF use and occurrence of PE over time. ⋯ Despite a precipitous decline of VCF use in trauma, PE rates remained unchanged during this period. Taking this association into consideration, VCFs may have limited utility in influencing rates of PE. More judicious identification of at-risk patients is warranted to determine individuals who would most benefit from a VCF.
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Given the current climate of outcomes-driven quality reporting, it is critical to appropriately risk stratify patients using standardized metrics. ⋯ This study highlights the need for improved risk stratification on the basis of urgency because operations performed urgently have distinct rates of morbidity and mortality compared with procedures performed either electively or emergently. Because we tie quality outcomes to reimbursement, such a category should improve predictive models and more accurately reflect the quality and value of care provided by surgeons who do not have traditional elective practices.