Psychological medicine
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Psychological medicine · Jun 2012
A longitudinal study of the bi-directional relationship between tobacco smoking and psychological distress in a community sample of young Australian women.
Tobacco smoking and poor mental health are both prevalent and detrimental health problems in young women. The temporal relationship between the two variables is unclear. We investigated the prospective bi-directional relationship between smoking and mental health over 13 years. ⋯ The association between poor mental health and smoking in young women appeared to be bi-directional.
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Psychological medicine · Jun 2012
Mood and anxiety disorders and their association with non-medical prescription opioid use and prescription opioid-use disorder: longitudinal evidence from the National Epidemiologic Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
Non-medical use of prescription opioids represents a national public health concern of growing importance. Mood and anxiety disorders are highly associated with non-medical prescription opioid use. The authors examined longitudinal associations between non-medical prescription opioid use and opioid disorder due to non-medical opioid use and mood/anxiety disorders in a national sample, examining evidence for precipitation, self-medication and general shared vulnerability as pathways between disorders. ⋯ These results suggest that precipitation, self-medication as well as shared vulnerability are all viable pathways between non-medical prescription opioid use and opioid disorder due to non-medical opioid use and mood/anxiety disorders.
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Psychological medicine · Jun 2012
Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of follow-up of a population-based cohort.
There is now strong evidence that cannabis use increases the risk of psychoses including schizophrenia, but the relationship between cannabis and different psychotic disorders, as well as the mechanisms, are poorly known. We aimed to assess types of psychotic outcomes after use of cannabis in adolescence and variation in risk over time. ⋯ Our results confirm an increased risk of schizophrenia in a long-term perspective, although the risk declined over time in moderate users.