Psychological medicine
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Psychological medicine · Jan 2014
Offspring psychopathology following preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal bereavement stress.
Preconception, prenatal and postnatal maternal stress is associated with increased offspring psychopathology, but findings are inconsistent and need replication. We estimated associations between maternal bereavement stress and offspring autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, suicide attempt and completed suicide. ⋯ Further research is needed regarding associations between preconception stress and psychopathological outcomes. Prenatal bereavement stress increases the risk of offspring ASD and ADHD. Postnatal bereavement stress moderately increases the risk of offspring suicide attempt, completed suicide and ASD. Smaller previous studies may have overestimated associations between early stress and psychopathological outcomes.
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Psychological medicine · Jan 2014
Changes in prevalence of depression and anxiety following smoking cessation: results from an international cohort study (ATTEMPT).
Smoking cessation improves physical health but it has been suggested that in vulnerable individuals it may worsen mental health. This study aimed to identify the short- and longer-term effects of stopping smoking on depression and anxiety in the general population and in those with a history of these disorders. ⋯ Smoking cessation does not appear to be associated with an increase in anxiety or depression and may lead to a reduced incidence of depression.