Accident; analysis and prevention
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The method of paired comparisons to estimate treatment effectiveness was introduced by Evans (Evans L. Double pair comparison--a new method to determine how occupant characteristics affect fatality risk in traffic crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention 1985;12:217-27). ⋯ This is due to the fact that while the overall probability of fatality in a crash is very low, the conditional probability of fatality given that someone else in the car died is greater than the unconditional probability of fatality. Under these circumstances, the variance of the paired comparisons estimate is reduced. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.