Accident; analysis and prevention
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Despite many studies on exploring the behaviors of pedestrians crossing the road, there is a need for comprehensive studies that identify the factors that may influence pedestrians crossing behavior at signalized and unsignalized intersections. This study aims to comprehensively examine the influence of gender, age group, group-crossing, technological devices and carrying items on pedestrians crossing behaviors at signalized and unsignalized crosswalks simultaneously. Observational data of 552 pedestrians at two signalized and two unsignalized crosswalks in Tehran were collected. ⋯ Pedestrians talking on their phones had the least cautious behaviors. Pedestrians listening to music mostly looked at the ground or straight direction rather than looking left-right for traffic. The findings from this study are a valuable resource to road authorities and policy makers to develop appropriate targeted strategies to prevent pedestrians' injuries and fatalities and improve crosswalks safety.
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This paper describes a geometric optical relationship between the perceived visual information of approaching vehicles by pedestrians who intend to cross the road and the factors underlying pedestrian accidents in Japan. We create a model based on this visual information, wherein the retinal image corresponding to vehicle velocity perception is broken down into tangential components and normal components in a two-dimensional polar coordinate system that employs the nodal point of the eyeball as the origin. ⋯ The result of the simulation of the visual model showed that the eye height of the pedestrian, the total height of the vehicle and the sensory threshold of motion determine the components by which the maximum perception distance of the vehicle velocity is given. These findings contribute to the enhancement of safety measures in traffic accidents from the pedestrian's perspective.