European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Mar 2010
Influence of the CYP2D6 polymorphism and hemodialysis on codeine disposition in patients with end-stage renal disease.
We studied the influence of three factors on drug disposition: genetic polymorphism, impaired renal excretion of drug metabolites, and the possible elimination by hemodialysis (HD), using codeine as a model drug. ⋯ Formation of the codeine metabolites M3G and M6G was dependent on the CYP2D6 genotype, as previously shown in healthy individuals. Elimination of glucuronides in these patients was absent until HD was performed. These factors need to be taken into consideration when drugs metabolized by CYPs are prescribed in HD patients.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Mar 2010
Drug utilization and off-label drug use among Spanish emergency room paediatric patients.
To describe the use of medicines and to determine the frequency of off-label use in emergency room paediatric patients. ⋯ Although the mean number of drugs used in children is small, off-label use is frequent. Research efforts should target paediatric studies that allow a rational drug use in children.