European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Sep 2013
Comparative StudyIneffectiveness and adverse events of nitrofurantoin in women with urinary tract infection and renal impairment in primary care.
To determine whether treatment with nitrofurantoin in women with urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal impairment in primary care is associated with a higher risk of ineffectiveness and/or serious adverse events than in women without renal impairment. ⋯ Overall, the incidence density for ineffectiveness was 5.4 per 1,000 person-days, and moderate renal impairment was not associated with ineffective treatment [HR 1.1, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.74-1.51]. The overall incidence density for adverse events was 0.02 per 1,000 person-days. In patients with renal impairment (<50 ml/min/1.73 m²) the risk of pulmonary adverse events leading to hospitalization was significantly increased (HR 4.1, 95 % CI 1.31-13.09) CONCLUSIONS: Nitrofurantoin treatment was not associated with a higher risk of ineffectiveness in women with UTI and moderate renal impairment (30-50 ml/min/1.73 m²). However, we did find a significant association between renal impairment (<50 ml/min/1.73 m²) and pulmonary adverse events leading to hospitalization.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Sep 2013
Clinical TrialGenetic variability at COMT but not at OPRM1 and UGT2B7 loci modulates morphine analgesic response in acute postoperative pain.
To investigate interindividual variability in response to pain treatment, we characterized postoperative patients for morphine metabolism and for COMT, OPRM1 and UGT2B7 polymorphisms. ⋯ By considering COMT, OPRM1, and UGT2B7 genotypes, as well as pharmacokinetic results, only COMT polymorphisms appear to be predictive of morphine need in postoperative pain therapy.