European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 2015
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialPopulation pharmacokinetics of single-dose amikacin in critically ill patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Modifications of antimicrobials' pharmacokinetic parameters have been reported in critically ill patients, resulting in a risk of treatment failure. We characterized amikacin pharmacokinetic variability in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and evaluated several dosing regimens. ⋯ Amikacin clearance was decreased and its volume of distribution was increased as previously reported. A ≥ 25 mg/kg single-dose is needed for empirical treatment of GNB-VAP.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 2015
Clinical features of and genetic predisposition to drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a single Korean tertiary institution patients-investigating the relation between the HLA -B*4403 allele and lamotrigine.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but fatal adverse mucocutaneous reactions to certain drugs. Recent studies suggest that ethnicity and genetic predisposition may play a crucial role in the manifestation of the reaction. In this study, we described the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B alleles in the development of clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of SJS/TEN in a single Korean tertiary hospital. ⋯ The major SJS/TEN-inducing drugs were found to be allopurinol and anticonvulsants (such as lamotrigine). We speculated that Korean individuals expressing the HLA-B*4403 allele may be highly susceptible to lamotrigine-induced SJS/TEN.