European journal of clinical pharmacology
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Feb 2015
Metamizole-induced agranulocytosis revisited: results from the prospective Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study.
Treatment with metamizole (dipyrone) has steadily increased in Germany over the last decade. The consequences of this increase for metamizole-induced agranulocytosis (MIA) are unclear. The present study addressed this topic using data from the Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study. ⋯ MIA persists as a severe condition in current pharmacotherapy. The continuous increase of metamizole applications should be critically assessed, especially in regard to indications in the outpatient setting and with respect to metamizole treatment duration.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Feb 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialIncreased bioavailability of phenylephrine by co-administration of acetaminophen: results of four open-label, crossover pharmacokinetic trials in healthy volunteers.
Over-the-counter combinations containing acetaminophen and phenylephrine for treatment of the common cold and influenza are widespread, but there are few data about pharmacokinetics of these two drugs used in combination. We aimed to investigate pharmacokinetic interactions between acetaminophen and phenylephrine. ⋯ The relative bioavailability of phenylephrine was increased when co-administered with acetaminophen.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Feb 2015
Hematological safety of metamizole: retrospective analysis of WHO and Swiss spontaneous safety reports.
Since the 1970s, the use of metamizole is controversial due to the risk of agranulocytosis. The aim of this study was to analyze individual case safety reports (ICSRs) of metamizole-associated hematological adverse drug reactions (ADRs). ⋯ Metamizole-associated hematological ADR remain frequently reported. This is underscored by increasing annual reporting rates, which mainly reflect growing metamizole use. Early detection of myelotoxicity and avoidance of other myelotoxic substances such as methotrexate are important measures for preventing fatalities.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Feb 2015
An acenocoumarol dosing algorithm exploiting clinical and genetic factors in South Indian (Dravidian) population.
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2, and GGCX genetic polymorphisms on mean daily dose of acenocoumarol in South Indian patients and to develop a new pharmacogenetic algorithm based on clinical and genetic factors. ⋯ VKORC1 rs9923231 polymorphism had the highest impact on acenocoumarol daily dose. A new pharmacogenetic algorithm was established to determine the acenocoumarol dose in South Indian population.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 2015
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialPopulation pharmacokinetics of single-dose amikacin in critically ill patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Modifications of antimicrobials' pharmacokinetic parameters have been reported in critically ill patients, resulting in a risk of treatment failure. We characterized amikacin pharmacokinetic variability in critically ill patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and evaluated several dosing regimens. ⋯ Amikacin clearance was decreased and its volume of distribution was increased as previously reported. A ≥ 25 mg/kg single-dose is needed for empirical treatment of GNB-VAP.