European journal of clinical pharmacology
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Oct 2011
Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefazolin in morbidly obese patients.
The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of cefazolin in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, to study the influence of bodyweight measures and age on pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate unbound cefazolin concentrations over time in this population. ⋯ Younger age--and not bodyweight--was significantly associated with higher cefazolin clearance. However, as in all patients with bodyweights up to 260 kg, unbound plasma cefazolin concentrations remained above 1 mg L(-1) until 4 h after the intravenous administration of a 2-g dose. As such, re-dosing within 4 h or dosing with another antibiotic class should only be considered in the case of a higher MIC(90) of the local isolates.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Oct 2011
Multicenter Study Clinical TrialBuprenorphine versus methadone in pregnant opioid-dependent women: a prospective multicenter study.
In order to investigate the effects of exposure to buprenorphine compared with methadone during pregnancy, a prospective multicenter study was conducted in collaboration with maternity hospitals, maintenance therapy centers, and general practitioners involved in addiction care. Ninety pregnant women exposed to buprenorphine and 45 to metadone were selected for the study. ⋯ We did not observe more frequent malformations or cases of withdrawal syndrome in the buprenorphine group than in the methadone-treated group. Buprenorphine appears to be as safe as the currently approved substitute methadone considered to date as the reference treatment for pregnant opioid-dependent women.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Sep 2011
Use of prescribed opioid analgesics and co-medication with benzodiazepines in women before, during, and after pregnancy: a population-based cohort study.
The aim of the study was to describe the use of prescribed opioid analgesics for noncancer pain and the degree of possible concurrent co-medication with benzodiazepines to women in Norway before, during, and after pregnancy. ⋯ The use of opioid analgesics in pregnant women in Norway was dominated by treatment of short duration of the weak opioid codeine. As pregnancy proceeded, opioid use was reduced. However, the increase in opioid use during the nursing period has the potential for serious adverse effects.
-
Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Sep 2011
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of tramadol and its O-desmethyl metabolite in plasma and breast milk.
The aim of this investigation was to demonstrate that nonlinear mixed-effects population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling can be used to evaluate data from studies of drug transport/excretion into human milk and hence to estimate infant exposure. ⋯ This study demonstrates that a population PK approach with sparse sampling of analytes in milk and plasma can yield quality information about the transfer process and that it also can be used to estimate the extent of infant exposure to maternal drugs via milk.